Antibiotic Resistance 2013: A Global Market Study

NEW YORK, Aug. 13, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

Antibiotic Resistance 2013: A Global Market Study
http://www.reportlinker.com/p01201996/Antibiotic-Resistance-2013-A-Global-Market-Study.html#utm_source=prnewswire&utm_medium=pr&utm_campaign=Drug_and_Medication

Summary: This market analysis was carried out to provide business information to developers, manufacturers and suppliers in the diagnostics and antibiotics fields. Its findings include:

- Marketing and sales opportunities
- Clinicians and scientists' purchasing decisions
- Market growth and shrinkage
- Innovation and new product opportunities
This study was conducted through specialist groups of experienced clinicians and research scientists and its findings are therefore based on 'real world' market data.

Market Analysis and Opportunities

A competitive market analysis of current practices and future developments across 25 key areas relating to antibiotic resistance. Examples include:
- Diagnostics: Therapeutic areas, top Gram positives, Gram negatives and other pathogens; current and future development of companion diagnostics, tests to distinguish between bacterial and viral infections, the identification of causal bacterial pathogens, bacterial identification methods, preferred tests and instrumentation, preferred suppliers, integrated and antimicrobial stewardship programmes, requirements for innovation, new initiatives and barriers to success.
- Clinical: Therapeutic areas, top infection types, the major Gram positives, Gram negatives and other pathogens; distinguishing bacterial and viral infections, test costs and test times per patient, the identification of causal bacterial, preferred methods and suppliers, the identification of antibiotic resistance genes, integrated and antimicrobial stewardship programmes, requirements for innovation, new initiatives, barriers to success and future plans in these areas
- Suppliers: Who are the major company suppliers in the 'antibiotic resistance' market and who do diagnosticians and clinicians plan to purchase from over the next three years. Who are the top ten suppliers in this field, and what changes are predicted in three years from now.
- Opportunities: The findings of this study are analysed to identify opportunities to suppliers in the 'antibiotic resistance' market, in each of the 'Diagnostics', 'Clinical' and 'Laboratory' areas indicated below.

Overview

Threats posed by the global increase in antibiotic resistant bacterial strains continue to cause alarm, and some observers suggest that this problem is threatening to take societies back to a pre-antibiotic era. However, the last five years have seen important changes in practices, innovation and attitudes, in response to this growing threat. Biopharm Reports has recently carried out a global market study of antibiotic resistance, to identify the changing developments and management strategies that are taking place, and the opportunities these offer to developers in this field.
Biopharm Reports has carried out a global market study of antibiotics resistance, to identifying the changes that are taking place in the 'antibiotic resistance market' and the opportunities these present to developers in this field. This global study involved the participation of 652 clinicians, scientists, researchers and Government officials in 80 countries and provides a comprehensive overview of current and evolving practices, developments and strategies and their importance in the combating and management of antibiotic resistance.
This report provides a wealth of information for companies and Government departments working in this field, and through a detailed analysis of the study's findings, identifies commercial opportunities and provides insights, which will help to guide decision-making in this challenging field.

Background

While the emergence of MRSA has embodied concerns over the rise of antibiotic resistance, other trends are becoming increasingly problematic. An example is the emergence of carbapenem resistance in K. pneumonia, due to a lack of alternative treatment options. Reports from the US suggest that 50–60% of all hospital-acquired infections are caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria, illustrating the human and financial impact of antibiotic resistance. In 2009, the World Health Organisation reported that in Europe 25,000 people die every year from drug-resistant infections. In the same year there were 440,000 new cases of MDR tuberculosis, in 69 countries.
Although the use of antibiotics has soared in recent decades, the approval of new antibiotics in the US fell by 60% from 30 during the decade 1983 to 1992, to just 12 over the period 1998 to 2009. Although recent years have seen a significant growth in the numbers and novelty of new pipeline antibiotics, it is evident that the health threats posed by antibiotic resistance need to be tackled urgently, and in many different ways.
The last five years have seen important changes in practices, innovation and attitudes in response to these growing threats. These are driving innovation in drug discovery and diagnostics, but more importantly, in clinical practices and the ways in which antibiotics are being used. There is also increasing local and international surveillance to monitor the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant strains, and local integrated practices, antimicrobial stewardship programs and more effective diagnostic methods are being pushed forward, in an effort to ensure the most appropriate and effective use of antibiotics. These developments offer new opportunities for developers in this field, both in drug discovery and in diagnostics.

This market study is summarised below:

Diagnostics
1. Therapeutic areas: Participants top three (associated) therapeutic areas relating to their work with bacterial diagnostics (general bacterial infections, infections associated with autoimmune disease etc). Options: arthritis, autoimmune diseases, general bacterial infections, bone metabolism, cancer, cardiovascular, central nervous system, dermatology, endocrine, gastrointestinal, genitourinary system, haematology, inflammation, metabolic disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, nutrition, obstetrics and gynaecology, ophthalmology, pain, respiratory, viral infections or other.
2. Main activity: Participants main activity relating to antibiotics and/or antibiotic resistance. Options: The development of bacterial (identification) diagnostic tests;
bacterial diagnostic research; differentiating between bacterial infections and viral infections; other
3. Source of antibiotics: Participants' disclosures on the main source of antibiotics (those targeting pathogens of interest to them) that relate to their work on bacterial antibiotics. Options: natural, semisynthetic, synthetic or other.
4. Gram negative bacteria: Participants' disclosures on the top three gram negative bacteria, relating to their work in bacterial diagnostics Options: Acinetobacter species, Actinobacillus species, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides sp., Bordetella pertussis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Brucella abortus, Brucella canis, Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis, Campylobacter jejuni, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psittaci, Chlymidia peumoniae, Cyanobacteria, Enterobacter, Erwinia species, Escherichia coli, Francisella tularensis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Haemophilus influenzae, Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Leptospira interrogans, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Pasteurella multocida, Proteus bacilli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rickettsia rickettsii, Salmonella typhimurium, Serratia marcescens, Shigella sonnei, Treponema pallidum, Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia pestis or other.
5. Gram positive bacteria: Participants' disclosures on the top three gram positive bacteria, relating to their work in bacterial diagnostics Options. Options: Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium tetani, Corynebacterium Diphtheriae, Corynebacterium jeikeium, Enterococcos faecalis, Enterococcos faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus species, Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus viridans, other.
6. Other bacteria: Participants' disclosures on the top three other bacteria, relating to their work in bacterial diagnostics Options: Options: Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium ulcerans, Mycoplasma peumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, other.
7. Companion diagnostics: Participants' disclosures on their work in bacterial diagnostics, relating to the use (or not) of companion diagnostic tests.
8. Companion diagnostics: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 7 – participants description of the companion diagnostic
9. Bacterial and viral infections: Participants' disclosures on their development of laboratory tests to distinguish between bacterial and viral infections, prior to antibiotic use. [this refers to tests that are able to distinguish between bacterial and viral infections as a basis for prescribing antibiotics (in cases where a bacterial infection is confirmed) or not (in cases where a viral infection is confirmed).
10. Future tests for distinguishing bacterial and viral infections: For those participants who answered 'no' to question 10 – participants expectations to in their work three years from now, to research, work on or developing tests to distinguish between bacterial and viral infections, prior to antibiotic use. bacterial infection is confirmed) or not (in cases where a viral infection is confirmed).
11. Identifying causal bacteria: Participants practices on the use of laboratory tests to identify the specific causal bacteria associated with infections, in their work relating to bacterial diagnostics [this refers to tests that are able to identify the specific or major causal bacterium or subtype in a particular patient infection, prior to the clinical selection of an antibiotic to treat that infection].
12. laboratory identification methods: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 9 – participants' top three laboratory tests used to identify the specific causal bacteria associated with infections, relating to bacterial diagnostics. Options: microscopic morphological characteristics (e.g. cocci, rods), differential staining (e.g. gram positive, acid fast stain), biochemical tests (e.g. lactose fermentation), serology (e.g. slid agglutination, serological testing), phage typing, fatty acid profiles, flow cytometry (e.g. for pseudomonas, listeria), plasmid fingerprinting, nucleic acid hybridisation, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) microarray or other.
13. Preferred tests and instrumentation: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 9 – participants' preferred laboratory tests to allow the identification of the specific causal bacteria associated with infections.
14. Preferred suppliers: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 9 – participants' preferred company suppliers of laboratory tests and instrumentation to allow them to identify the specific causal bacteria associated with infections.
15. Future identification of causal bacterial types: For those participants who answered 'no' to question 9 – participants' anticipated use of laboratory tests three years from now to identify the specific causal bacteria associated with infections [this refers to tests that are able to identify the specific or major causal bacterium or subtype in a particular patient infection, prior to the clinical selection of an antibiotic to treat that infection] Options: yes, possibly, don't know, probably not, no, other
16. Future bacterial identification methods: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 15 – participants' top three laboratory tests three years from now, that they anticipate using to identify the specific causal bacteria associated with infections, prior to antibiotic use. Options: microscopic morphological characteristics (e.g. cocci, rods), differential staining (e.g. gram positive, acid fast stain), biochemical tests (e.g. lactose fermentation), serology (e.g. slid agglutination, serological testing), phage typing, fatty acid profiles, flow cytometry (e.g. for pseudomonas, listeria), plasmid fingerprinting, nucleic acid hybridisation, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) microarray or other.
17. Tests and instrumentation: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 15 – participants' anticipated preferred laboratory tests, three years from now, to identify the specific causal bacteria associated with infections prior to antibiotic use.
18. Preferred suppliers: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 15 – participants' anticipated preferred company suppliers, three years from now, of laboratory tests to identify the specific bacteria associated with infections in prior to antibiotic use.
19. Integrated programmes: Participants work with integrated programmes which give access to information on resistant or susceptible bacterial pathogens in their community, prevalent or emerging antibiotic resistance genes or any other 'surveillance-related' information, to support decisions on the use of specific antibiotics. Options: yes/no
20. Current programme: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 19 – participants disclosures on name of the programme and the geographic area in which it operates.
21. Future integrated programme: For those participants who answered 'no' to question 19 – participants disclosures on whether they anticipate working with, in three years from now, any integrated programmes that gives access to information on resistant or susceptible bacterial pathogens in their community, prevalent or emerging antibiotic resistance genes or any other 'surveillance-related' information, to support decisions on the use of specific antibiotics.
22. Name and location: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 21 – participants disclosures in the name and geographic location of the integrated programme.
23. Antimicrobial stewardship programmes: Participant disclosures on whether their work is associated with an antimicrobial stewardship programme. [antimicrobial stewardship refers to coordinated interventions designed to improve and measure the appropriate use of antimicrobials - The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)].
24. Name and location: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 21 – participants disclosures on the name and geographic location of the antimicrobial stewardship programme.
25. Future antimicrobial stewardship programmes: For those participants who answered 'no' to question 23 – participants anticipated activities in three years from now, on whether their work will be linked to or associated with, an antimicrobial stewardship programme.
26. Name and location: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 25 – participants disclosures on the name and geographic location of the antimicrobial stewardship programme
27. Innovation: In their own field, participants disclosures on what they believe to be the areas of greatest need in terms of innovation or change, to more effectively deal with and manage antibiotic resistance.
28. Barriers: In their own field, participants disclosures on what they believe are the greatest barriers to more effectively dealing with or managing antibiotic resistance.
29. Initiatives: In their own field, participants opinions on what new initiatives government departments can promote, to more effectively deal with or manage antibiotic

Clinical
1. The top three therapeutic areas: relating to participants work with antibiotics or antibiotic resistance (e.g. general bacterial infections, infections associated with autoimmune disease etc). Options: arthritis, autoimmune diseases, general bacterial infections, bone metabolism, cancer, cardiovascular, central nervous system, dermatology, endocrine, gastrointestinal, genitourinary system, haematology, inflammation, metabolic disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, nutrition, obstetrics and gynaecology, ophthalmology, pain, respiratory, viral infections or other.
2. Top three infection types (e.g. lower respiratory tract, urethritis etc): with which clinicians and other participants work.
3. Bacterial and viral infections: Participant's current use of laboratory tests to distinguish between bacterial and viral infections, prior to antibiotic use. [this refers to tests that are able to distinguish between bacterial and viral infections as a basis for prescribing antibiotics (in cases where a bacterial infection is confirmed) or not (in cases where a viral infection is confirmed).
4. Current patients: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 3, participants estimates of the percentage of (infection) patient cases in which laboratory tests are used to distinguish between bacterial and viral infections, prior to antibiotic use.
5. Preferred distinguishing tests and instrumentation: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 3 - participants' preferred laboratory tests and instrumentation for distinguishing between bacterial and viral infections, prior to antibiotic use.
6. Suppliers: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 3 - participants' preferred company suppliers of laboratory tests to allow the distinction between bacterial and viral infections, prior to antibiotic use.
7. Test costs per patient: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 3 - participants' estimates of average test costs per patient, for distinguishing between bacterial and viral infections, prior to antibiotic use.
8. Test time: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 3 - participants' estimates of the average test time (from sample taking, to the time results are available) for distinguishing between bacterial infections and viral infections, prior to antibiotic use.
9. Future distinction between bacterial and viral infections: For those participants who answered 'no' to question 3 – participants expectation of using laboratory tests three years from now to distinguish between bacterial and viral infections, prior to antibiotic use. [this question refers to tests that are able to distinguish between bacterial and viral infections as a basis for prescribing antibiotics (in cases where a bacterial infection is confirmed) or not (in cases where a viral infection is confirmed).
10. Future patients: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 9 – participants estimate of the percentage of (infection) patient cases in which laboratory tests three years from now, to distinguish between bacterial and viral infections, prior to antibiotic use.
11. Future tests and instrumentation: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 9 – participants (anticipated) preferred laboratory tests and instrumentation three years from now, for distinguishing between bacterial and viral infections, prior to antibiotic use.
12 Future preferred suppliers: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 9 – participants (anticipated) preferred company suppliers three years from now, of laboratory tests to allow them to distinguish between bacterial and viral infections, prior to antibiotic use.
13. Identifying causal bacteria: Participants practices on the use of laboratory tests to identify the specific causal bacteria associated with infections, prior to antibiotic use. [this refers to tests that are able to identify the specific or major causal bacterium or subtype in a particular patient infection, prior to the clinical selection of an antibiotic to treat that infection].
14. Current patients: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 13 – participants' estimates of the current percentage (%) of (infection) patient cases in which they use laboratory tests to identify the specific causal bacteria associated with infections, prior to antibiotic use.
15. Laboratory identification methods: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 13 – participants' top three laboratory tests used to identify the specific causal bacteria associated with infections, prior to antibiotic use: Options: microscopic morphological characteristics (e.g. cocci, rods), differential staining (e.g. gram positive, acid fast stain), biochemical tests (e.g. lactose fermentation), serology (e.g. slid agglutination, serological testing), phage typing, fatty acid profiles, flow cytometry (e.g. for pseudomonas, listeria), plasmid fingerprinting, nucleic acid hybridisation, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) microarray or other.
16. Preferred tests and instrumentation: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 13 – participants' preferred laboratory tests to allow the identification of the specific causal bacteria associated with infections, prior to antibiotic use.
17. Preferred suppliers: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 13 – participants' preferred company suppliers of laboratory tests and instrumentation to allow you to identify the specific causal bacteria associated with infections, prior to antibiotic use.
18. Test costs per patient: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 13 – participants' estimates of the average test costs per patient, to identify the specific causal bacteria associated with infections, prior to antibiotic use.
19. Test time: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 13 – participants' estimates of the average test time (from sample taking, to the time results are available) to identify the specific causal bacteria associated with infections, prior to antibiotic use.
20. Future identification of causal bacterial types: For those participants who answered 'no' to question 13 – participants' anticipated use of laboratory tests three years from now to identify the specific causal bacteria associated with infections, prior to antibiotic use. [this refers to tests that are able to identify the specific or major causal bacterium or subtype in a particular patient infection, prior to the clinical selection of an antibiotic to treat that infection]
21. Future patients: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 20 – participants' estimates of the percentage (%) of their (infection) patient cases three years from now, in which they expect to use laboratory tests to identify the specific causal bacteria associated with infections prior to antibiotic use.
22. Future bacterial identification methods: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 20 – participants' top three laboratory tests three years from now, that they anticipate using to identify the specific causal bacteria associated with infections, prior to antibiotic use. Options: microscopic morphological characteristics (e.g. cocci, rods), differential staining (e.g. gram positive, acid fast stain), biochemical tests (e.g. lactose fermentation), serology (e.g. slid agglutination, serological testing), phage typing, fatty acid profiles, flow cytometry (e.g. for pseudomonas, listeria), plasmid fingerprinting, nucleic acid hybridisation, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) microarray or other.
23. Tests and instrumentation: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 20 – participants' anticipated preferred laboratory tests three years from now, to identify the specific causal bacteria associated with infections prior to antibiotic use.
24. Preferred suppliers: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 20 – participants' anticipated preferred company suppliers three years from now, of laboratory tests to identify the specific bacteria associated with infections in prior to antibiotic use.
25. Antibiotic resistance genes: Participants' current use laboratory tests to identify antibiotic resistance genes in patient samples, prior to antibiotic use.
26. Current patients: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 25 – participants' estimates of the current percentage (%) of (infection) patient cases in which they use laboratory tests to identify antibiotic resistance genes in patient samples, prior to antibiotic use.
27. Preferred tests and instrumentation: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 25 – participants' preferred laboratory tests to identify antibiotic resistance genes in patient samples, prior to antibiotic use.
28. Preferred suppliers: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 25– participants' preferred company suppliers of laboratory tests to identify antibiotic resistance genes in patient samples, prior to antibiotic use.
29. Testing costs: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 25 – participants' estimates of the average test costs per patient, for identifying antibiotic resistance genes in patient samples, prior to antibiotic use.
30. Test time: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 25 – participants' estimates of the average test time (from sample taking, to the time results are available) for identifying antibiotic resistance genes in patient samples, prior to antibiotic use.
31. Future identification of resistance genes: For those participants who answered 'no' to question 25 – participant's anticipated use of laboratory tests three years from now, to identify antibiotic resistance genes in patient samples, prior to antibiotic use.
32. Future patients: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 31 – participants' estimates of the percentage (%) of their (infection) patient cases three years from now, in which they expect to identify antibiotic resistance genes in patient samples, prior to antibiotic use.
33. Antibiotic resistance gene tests and instrumentation: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 31 – participants' anticipated preferred laboratory tests and instrumentation three years from now, for identifying antibiotic resistance genes in patient samples, prior to antibiotic use.
34. Future suppliers: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 31 – participants anticipated preferred company suppliers three years from now, of laboratory tests to allow them to identify antibiotic resistance genes in patient samples, prior to antibiotic use.
35. Integrated programmes: Participants work with integrated programmes which give access to information on resistant or susceptible bacterial pathogens in their community, prevalent or emerging antibiotic resistance genes or any other 'surveillance-related' information, to support decisions on the use of specific antibiotics. Options: yes/no
36 Current programme: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 35 – participants disclosures on name of the programme and the geographic area in which it operates.
37. Future integrated programme: For those participants who answered 'no' to question 35 – participants disclosures on whether they anticipate working with, in three years from now, any integrated programmes that gives access to information on resistant or susceptible bacterial pathogens in your community, prevalent or emerging antibiotic resistance genes or any other 'surveillance-related' information, to support decisions on the use of specific antibiotics.
38. Name and location: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 37 – participants disclosures in the name and geographic location of the integrated programme.
39. Antimicrobial stewardship programmes: Participant disclosures on whether their work is associated with an antimicrobial stewardship programme. [** antimicrobial stewardship refers to coordinated interventions designed to improve and measure the appropriate use of antimicrobials - The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)].
40. Name and location: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 39 – participants disclosures on the name and geographic location of the antimicrobial stewardship programme.
41. Future antimicrobial stewardship programmes: For those participants who answered 'no' to question 39 – participants anticipated activities in three years from now, on whether their work will be linked to or associated with, an antimicrobial stewardship programme.
42. Name and location: For those participants who answered 'yes' to question 41 – participants disclosures on the name and geographic location of the antimicrobial stewardship programme.
43. Gram negative bacteria: Participants' disclosures on the top three gram negative bacteria (where their identities are known or strongly suspected) that are associated with the infections treated in hospitals or clinics. Options: Acinetobacter species, Actinobacillus species, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides sp., Bordetella pertussis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Brucella abortus, Brucella canis, Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis, Campylobacter jejuni, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psittaci, Chlymidia peumoniae, Cyanobacteria, Enterobacter, Erwinia species, Escherichia coli, Francisella tularensis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Haemophilus influenzae, Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Leptospira interrogans, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Pasteurella multocida, Proteus bacilli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rickettsia rickettsii, Salmonella typhimurium, Serratia marcescens, Shigella sonnei, Treponema pallidum, Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia pestis or other.
44. Gram positive bacteria: Participants' disclosures on the top three gram positive bacteria (where their identities are known or strongly suspected) that are associated with the infections treated in hospitals or clinics. Options: Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium tetani, Corynebacterium Diphtheriae, Corynebacterium jeikeium, Enterococcos faecalis, Enterococcos faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus species, Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus viridans, other.
45. Other bacteria: Participants' disclosures on the top three other bacteria please (where their identities are known or strongly suspected) that are associated with the infections treated in hospitals or clinics. Options: Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium ulcerans, Mycoplasma peumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, other
46. Antibiotics against Gram negative bacteria: Participants' disclosures on the top three antibiotic classes that are most commonly prescribed to treat gram negative bacteria, in hospitals or clinics. Options: aminocyclitols, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, cephalosporins, monobactams, penicillins, cyclic lipopeptides, folate antagonists, fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides, immunomodulators, ketolides, lincosamides, macrocyclics, macrolides, mycobacterials, nitrofurans, oxazolidinones, peptides, pleuromutilins, polypeptides, pyridopyrimidines, quinolones, streptogramins, sulphonamides, tetracycline, other.
47. Antibiotics against Gram positive bacteria: Participants' disclosures on the top three please indicate the top three antibiotic classes that are most commonly prescribed to treat gram positive bacteria, in hospitals or clinics. Options: aminocyclitols, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, cephalosporins, monobactams, penicillins, cyclic lipopeptides, folate antagonists, fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides, immunomodulators, ketolides, lincosamides, macrocyclics, macrolides, mycobacterials, nitrofurans, oxazolidinones, peptides, pleuromutilins, polypeptides, pyridopyrimidines, quinolones, streptogramins, sulphonamides, tetracycline, other.
48. Antibiotics against other bacteria: Participants' disclosures on the top three antibiotic classes that are most commonly prescribed to treat other bacteria, in hospitals or clinics. Options: aminocyclitols, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, cephalosporins, monobactams, penicillins, cyclic lipopeptides, folate antagonists, fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides, immunomodulators, ketolides, lincosamides, macrocyclics, macrolides, mycobacterials, nitrofurans, oxazolidinones, peptides, pleuromutilins, polypeptides, pyridopyrimidines, quinolones, streptogramins, sulphonamides, tetracycline, other
49. Treatment costs: Participants' disclosures on the average costs for antibiotics per patient, to treat ba

1. General p.10

1.1 Study description
1.2 Participants
1.3 Countries
1.4 organisations

2. Clinical p.24

2.1 Top Therapeutic Areas

2.2 Top Infection Types

2.3 Differentiating Bacterial and Viral Infections

2.3.1 Current patients
2.3.2 Preferred distinguishing tests
2.3.3 Suppliers and instrumentation
2.3.4 Test costs per patient
2.3.5 Test time
2.3.6 Future distinction between bacterial and viral infections
2.3.7 Future patients
2.3.8 Future tests and instrumentation
2.3.9 Future preferred suppliers

2.4 Causal Bacteria

2.4.1 Identification methods
2.4.2 Current patients
2.4.3 Laboratory identification methods
2.4.4 Preferred tests and instrumentation
2.4.5 Preferred suppliers
2.4.6 Test costs per patient
2.4.7 Test time
2.4.8 Future identification of causal bacterial types
2.4.9 Future patients
2.4.10 Future bacterial identification methods
2.4.11 Tests and instrumentation
2.4.12 Preferred suppliers

2.5 Antibiotic Resistance Genes

2.5.1 Current patients
2.5.2 Preferred tests and instrumentation
2.5.3 Preferred suppliers
2.5.4 Testing costs
2.5.5 Test time
2.5.6 Future identification of resistance genes
2.5.7 Future patients
2.5.8 Antibiotic resistance gene tests and instrumentation
2.5.9 Future suppliers

2.6 Integrated Programmes

2.6.1 Current programmes
2.6.2 Names and locations
2.6.3 Future programmes
2.6.4 Names and locations

2.7 Antimicrobial stewardship programmes

2.7.1 Current programmes
2.7.2 Names and locations
2.7.3 Future programmes
2.7.4 Names and locations
2.7.5 Future antimicrobial stewardship programmes
2.7.6 Name and location

2.8 Gram negative bacteria

2.9 Gram positive bacteria

2.10 Other bacteria

2.11 Antibiotics against Gram negative bacteria

2.12 Antibiotics against Gram positive bacteria

2.13 Antibiotics against other bacteria

2.14 Treatment costs

2.15 Single antibiotics or combinations

2.16 Innovation

2.17 Barriers

2.18 Initiatives

3. Laboratory p.108

3.1 Purpose

3.2 Top three therapeutic areas

3.3 Antibiotic source

3.4 Gram negative bacteria

3.5 Gram positive bacteria

3.6 Other bacteria

3.7 Companion diagnostics

3.8 Current Identification methods

3.8.1 Preferred current products and suppliers

3.9 Future identification methods

3.9.1 Preferred products and supplier

3.10 Antibiotics against Gram negative bacteria

3.11 Antibiotics against Gram positive bacteria

3.12 Antibiotics against other bacteria

3.13 Novel antibiotic combinations

3.14 Single antibiotics or combinations

3.15 Integrated programmes

3.15.1 Current programmes
3.15.2 Names and locations
3.15.3 Future programmes
3.15.4 Names and locations

3.16 Current programme

3.17 Future integrated programme

3.18 Name and location

3.19 Antimicrobial stewardship programmes

3.19.1 Current programmes
3.19.2 Names and locations
3.19.3 Future programmes
3.19.4 Names and locations

3.20 Innovation

3.21 Barriers

3.22 Initiatives

4. Diagnostics p.145

4.1 Therapeutic areas

4.2 Source of antibiotics

4.3 Gram negative bacteria

4.4 Gram positive bacteria

4.5 Other bacteria

4.6 Companion diagnostics

4.7 Bacterial and viral infections

4.8 Future tests for distinguishing bacterial and viral infections

4.9 Identifying causal bacteria

4.10 laboratory identification methods

4.10.1 Preferred products and suppliers

4.11 Future identification of causal bacterial types

4.11.1 Preferred products and suppliers

4.12 Integrated programmes

4.12.1 Current programmes
4.12.2 Names and locations
4.12.3 Future programmes
4.12.4 Names and locations

4.13 Antimicrobial stewardship programmes

4.13.1 Current programmes
4.13.2 Names and locations
4.13.3 Future programmes
4.13.4 Names and locations

4.14 Innovation

4.15 Barriers

4.16 Initiatives

To order this report:
Drug_and_Medication Industry: Antibiotic Resistance 2013: A Global Market Study

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